☆1.债券估价
1.基本模型
PV=∑[It/(1+i)t]+M/(1+i)n
2.利息支付频率
PV=∑[(It÷m)/ (1+i÷m)t]+M/(1+i÷m)nm
3.永久债券 PV=I÷kb
☆2.股票估价
1.基本模型
P0=∑[Dt/(1+kd)t]= D1÷kd
2.固定增长
P0= D1÷(kd-g)= E1*(1-b)÷(kd-g)
☆3.风险和报酬
1.投资组合的风险
σP=√(∑∑WjWkσjk) σjk=rjkσjσk
2.资本资产定价模型(CAPM)
Rj=Rf+(Rm-Rf)*βj
βj=cov(Rj,Rm)÷σm2=rjm*(σj÷σm)
βj=βju*[1+(B/S)*(1-t)]
βju=βj÷[1+(B/S)*(1-t)]
☆4.修正现值 (Adjusting Present Value)
APV=unlevered project value + value of project financing
=[∑CFt/(1+kul)t-ICO]+ [∑It*t/(1+Kd)t-F]
(ICO: initial cash out; F: after tax flotation cost)
☆5.债券久期
Wt=[CFt*e-yt]÷B (y:年收益率,连续型)
D =∑(t*wt) ΔB/B=-DΔy
Wt=[CFt/(1+y)t]÷B (y:年收益率,离散型)
D =∑(t*wt) ΔB/B=-[D÷(1+y/m)]*Δy
☆6.经济增加值(剩余收益)
EVA=(ROA-kchance)*E
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